Fiberglass and Plaster Casts

The Difference Between Fiberglass and Plaster Casts for Broken Bones:

 

When a bone breaks broken, it needs support so that it can heal properly, Orthopedic specialists use casts to protect and support the broken bones. A cast refers to a supportive bandage that is wrapped around the injured spot and the surrounding areas. Casts are available in different sizes and shapes, but the commonest types of cast materials are fiberglass and plaster. Although patients report that casts feel uncomfortable, they will also report that they effectively and efficiently treat broken bones.

Both fiberglass and plaster casts will immobilize fractured limbs to immobilize them and allow the injury to heal. They are also used after surgeries, including correction of clubfoot and other limb deformities. Although fiberglass remains as the material of choice in the U.S., plaster casts are still used to immobilize fractured bones.

Your child may need to use a cast for about 4 to 10 weeks to help the injury heal. Typically, most fiberglass casts remain on for up to six weeks, but this can vary based on the nature and severity of the injury.

In some instances, The doctor might need to remove the cast earlier if it starts causing irritation or discomfort. It’s important to monitor for these signs and consult with your healthcare provider if they occur.

Should your child’s injury require immobilization beyond the initial period, the cast might need replacing to ensure proper healing. Always follow medical advice tailored to your child’s specific needs for optimal recovery.

Fiberglass

Fiberglass casts are used when the bone is in position, or if the healing process has started. They have lighter weight and can work for a longer period. They are also more breathable than plaster casts. Due to their sturdy nature, they require less maintenance. Most of the casts used today are fiberglass.

A few layers of cotton are wrapped beneath fiberglass and plaster casts to protect the skin. The cotton must appear clean and dry to enhance comfort.

How Are Fiberglass Casts Applied to an Injured Limb?

Applying a fiberglass cast to an injured limb takes a precise procedure that doctors must complete efficiently to ensure effectiveness. Here’s a step-by-step guide to how it’s done:

1. Preparation:
   • A healthcare provider begins by gently cleansing the affected limb with soap and water. This ensures that the skin is ready for the materials that will follow.
2. Protective Layer:
   • Following the cleaning, a snug stockinette is placed over the area. This serves as a protective barrier between your skin and the cast.
3. Padding:
   • The doctor will add a layer of soft cotton padding for cushioning, ensuring comfort and protecting against pressure points once the cast is applied.
4. Application of Fiberglass Material:
   • The main step involves wrapping several layers of fiberglass, impregnated with a resinous material, around the padding. This material is flexible upon initial application but starts to harden rapidly.
5. Molding and Setting:
   • The clinician must work quickly to shape the cast as it solidifies. This ensures that the cast is both supportive and comfortable.
6. Finalization:
   • Once molded correctly, the fiberglass material will harden into a rigid structure, typically within a few minutes. The entire process usually takes around 30 minutes, depending on the area being casted.

Important Considerations

• Do Not Self-Remove: Once the cast is in place, it’s crucial not to attempt removal on your own. A healthcare professional should always involved to safely remove or adjust the cast.

This method ensures that the fiberglass cast provides the necessary support for healing while minimizing discomfort for the patient.

The Evolution of Fiberglass Casts

The journey of bone immobilization has been a fascinating one, rooted in ancient practices aimed at mending fractures. As far back as ancient Egypt, the application of casts was pivotal in treating broken bones. Originally, these early casts were crafted from materials readily available, including linen soaked in resin and wax.

Plaster of Paris Takes Center Stage
Fast forward to more recent centuries, plaster of Paris emerged as the go-to material for fracture treatment. This gypsum-based mixture, when combined with water, offered a reliable, albeit heavy, solution to immobilize injured limbs. It was the mainstay in orthopedics for years, providing a sturdy solution despite its weight and lack of breathability.

A Lighter Future: The Advent of Fiberglass
The 1970s marked a turning point in casting technology. Medical professionals fervently sought alternatives to the cumbersome plaster of Paris. Their quest led to the introduction of fiberglass casting materials. Lighter and more durable, this innovation was a game-changer for both practitioners and patients. Fiberglass allowed for better ventilation and was significantly less bulky, bringing much-needed comfort.

With its superior features, fiberglass became the favored choice among medical practitioners and patients dealing with fractures. Embracing this advancement, the medical field witnessed a significant evolution in the way broken bones were treated, prioritizing patient comfort and efficient healing.

Pros

Fiberglass casts have lots of advantages (for both doctors and patients). Some of the advantages include the following:

• Fiberglass casts are more porous than plaster casts. This allows the doctor to take X-rays of the injury without removing the cast.
• Since they are porous, they are also more breathable, thereby making them more comfortable to wear.
• They make the skin less prone to irritation.

Cons

• Although fiberglass casts are more waterproof than plaster casts, they are not fully waterproof. The soft padding underneath the cast is not waterproof but the outer layer is. In some cases, the doctor may make the entire casting waterproof by putting a waterproof material under the cast.
• The process of making the entire cast waterproof costs more money and also consumes more time. You may need to discuss this with your doctor to find out if a waterproof cast will suit your child’s lifestyle.

Plaster

Although fiberglass material is newer, most casts are still made from plaster. A plaster cast holds a repositioned fractured bone in place. The plaster cast is used for this purpose because it molds well, thereby offering more precise support to the bone.

The issue with plaster is its heavy weight. Patients complain about the plaster cast because of the heavy material used in making it. The shape of a plaster cast can change when getting wet; thereby, inhibiting the healing process.

Pros

• They are less expensive.
• Plaster casts are easier to mold around some areas.

Cons

• They require more care than fiberglass casts. They must not get wet because this can crack or disintegrate the plaster. Parents will need to wrap the plaster in several layers of plastic if you want to bathe your child.
• Plasters take several days to fully harden.
• They are heavier and often challenging for small children.

Major Differences Between Fiberglass and Plaster Casts

Composition

A fiberglass cast is made from woven fiberglass which is coated with polyurethane resin. A plaster cast is made from naturally occurring gypsum (referred to as plaster of Paris) that is used for coating fiber bandages.

Appearance

Fiberglass cast has a webbed texture and appearance and it is usually colored. Some of its common colors include pink, blue, and green. A plaster cast has a smooth texture and it is always white.

Weight, strength, and durability

Fiberglass casts have a lighter weight and are also stronger than plaster casts. Since they are more resistant to water damage and wear, they last longer than plaster casts. However, none of them is waterproof unless a particular waterproof liner is used with a fiberglass cast.

Porosity and drying time

Unlike a plaster cast, a fiberglass cast is more porous and this makes it more comfortable to wear. Also, fiberglass can dry within 30 minutes to two hours while it takes a plaster cast about 48 hours to dry. Cast care is very important.

However, it is easier to mold plaster cast than fiberglass cast.

How to Relieve Itching Under a Fiberglass Cast

A fiberglass cast can can become uncomfortable, especially when the itchiness starts. The following effective ways manage that pesky itch:

• Cool Air Method: Use a hair dryer set to cool or a small fan to blow air into the cast. This helps soothe the skin and provides relief without causing damage to the cast or skin.
• Avoid Inserting Objects: Resist the temptation to insert objects into the cast to scratch. This can damage your skin or disrupt the cast’s structure.
• Use Antihistamines: Over-the-counter antihistamines can help reduce itching from the inside out. Always follow the recommended dosage and consult with a healthcare provider if you have any concerns.
• Moisturize Around the Edges: Apply lotion or moisturizer around the edges of the cast to keep the skin from drying out, which can minimize itchiness.
• Keep the Cast Dry: Moisture can increase itchiness, so ensure your cast stays dry. Use waterproof coverings during activities like showering or when exposed to water.

By following these steps, you can effectively manage itching while taking care of your healing process.

Price

A fiberglass cast costs more expensive than a plaster cast. Some insurance companies do not cover the cost of a fiberglass cast.

What to Monitor to Ensure Your Health with a Fiberglass Cast

Your health is paramount when wearing a fiberglass cast. Keep an eye on these critical signs:

• Integrity of the Cast: Check regularly to ensure the cast remains intact. If you notice any cracks or degradation, it may compromise support.
• Healing Progress: Monitor your recovery. If improvements stall or issues persist, it might indicate complications.

Contact your healthcare provider promptly if you observe any of these issues. Staying vigilant can help ensure your healing process remains on track.

What Should I Avoid While Wearing a Cast?

Fiberglass and plaster casts that are used with conventional padding are not waterproof. Ensure your child’s casts are dry while bathing or showering by covering the cast with two layers of plastic that is sealed with duct tape or a rubber band. Your child should not swim if he or she is not wearing a cast that is waterproof.

Comprehensive Cast Care Guidelines

Wearing a fiberglass cast requires careful attention to ensure proper healing and avoid complications. Here’s how you can manage your cast effectively:

• Follow Medical Advice: Always adhere to your doctor’s instructions regarding when to start using the limb with a cast. Fiberglass casts dry quickly and become sturdy enough to protect the injured area, unlike plaster casts, which take longer to harden.
• Keep the Cast Dry and Clean: While fiberglass is designed to repel water, the padding underneath isn’t. If it gets wet, it can cause skin irritation or infection. If moisture does occur, use a hair dryer on the cool setting to dry any wet areas.
• Avoid Inserting Objects: Never put anything inside the cast to scratch an itch. This can damage the skin, potentially lead to infection, and disrupt healing.
• Weight-Bearing Precautions: When it’s safe to put weight on a leg or foot cast, do not stand or walk on it unless it’s specifically designed for walking.

Additional Guidelines

• Swelling Management: Prop up the injured limb on a pillow whenever sitting or lying down during the first three days. Keeping it elevated above heart level helps reduce swelling. Apply ice or a cold pack on the cast for 10 to 20 minutes every 1 to 2 hours while awake, using a thin cloth between the ice and the cast to keep it dry.
• Medication Safety: Use medicines safely by following all label instructions. If prescribed pain medicine, take it as directed. For non-prescription pain management, consult your doctor about suitable over-the-counter options.
• Exercise and Mobility: Engage in exercises recommended by your doctor or physiotherapist to keep muscles strong and joints flexible during healing. Frequently wiggle your fingers or toes on the injured limb to help reduce swelling and stiffness.
• Avoid Lotions and Powders: Do not apply lotions, oils, or powders under the cast without consulting your doctor, as these can irritate the skin.
• Minimize Risky Activities: Avoid activities that could impact or put pressure on the area with the cast, as they could damage the cast or exacerbate the injury.

By integrating these guidelines, you can ensure a smoother recovery process while minimizing complications.

Recognizing Blood Clot Symptoms When Wearing a Fiberglass Cast

When you’re wearing a fiberglass cast, it’s crucial to look for signs that might suggest the presence of a blood clot, particularly deep vein thrombosis (DVT). These symptoms can appear subtle but significant, so taking action promptly is key.

Key Symptoms to Watch Out For:

• Unexplained Pain: You may experience discomfort in specific areas such as the arm, calf, behind the knee, thigh, or groin. This pain may begin as a mild ache but can quickly escalate.
• Swelling and Redness: Noticeable swelling or redness of the skin surrounding the casted area might indicate a cause for concern. Swelling could appear localized or spread to larger sections.
• Skin Changes: Pay attention to any changes in color or warmth of the affected limb. The skin might turn reddish or purplish and feel unusually warm to the touch compared to other areas.
• Tenderness or Sensitivity: An unusual tenderness when touching or moving your casted limb could indicate a blood clot. This sensitivity might not correlate with the injury itself.

Being vigilant for these symptoms is important while your limb is restricted in a cast. If you suspect a blood clot, seek medical attention immediately to ensure proper evaluation and care.

When Should You Reach Out to a Doctor About a Fiberglass Cast?

Fiberglass casts are designed to provide stability and support during the healing process, but sometimes issues can arise. If you encounter any of the following problems, it’s important to consult a healthcare professional promptly:

 

• Persistent or Worsening Pain: If you experience severe or escalating pain in the area covered by the cast, seek medical guidance immediately.
• Unusual Sensations Under the Cast: Any sensation of warmth or localized pain beneath the cast warrants a call to your doctor.
• Cast Problems:
  • Any burning or stinging feelings on the skin beneath the cast.
  • A cast that feels excessively tight, causing discomfort or numbness, or one that seems too loose, compromising support.
  • Significant swelling near the cast area beyond the initial swelling phase, though some swelling is expected initially.
  • Unexplained Fever: Developing a new fever can indicate an infection or other complication related to the cast.
  • Odor and Drainage: If there’s any unusual drainage or a persistent foul smell emanating from the cast, it may suggest infection.
  • Changes in Limb Appearance or Temperature: If the fingers or toes are cool, pale, or exhibit any color changes, this could indicate circulation issues.
  • Movement Difficulty: Inability to move your fingers or toes may signal problems that need urgent medical evaluation.
  • Possible Blood Clot Symptoms: Parents should look for signs of blood clots, such as pain in the leg, arm, calf, back of the knee, thigh, or groin, or visible redness and swelling in these areas.

  Keeping a close watch on these symptoms can prevent complications and ensure a smooth recovery process. Always err on the side of caution and consult your healthcare provider if you’re in doubt.

  Rehabilitation

  Fractured bones take many weeks to many months to fully heal. The pain usually stops even before the bone becomes solid enough to withstand the stress of daily activities. It is necessary to wear the cast until the fractured bone is fully healed and capable of supporting itself.

  Your child may lose some muscle strength in the injured area while wearing the cast. This is why it is important to do some exercises while his or her bone is healing and after the casts are removed. Exercise will help in restoring muscle strength, flexibility, and joint motion.

  Frequently Asked Questions About Fiberglass and Plaster Casts

  What should I avoid while wearing a cast?

  Fiberglass and plaster casts that are used with conventional padding are not waterproof. Ensure your child’s casts are dry while bathing or showering by covering the cast with two layers of plastic that is sealed with duct tape or a rubber band. Your child should not swim if he or she is not wearing a cast that is waterproof.

  Can I walk in a fiberglass cast?

  Fiberglass casts dry quickly. As a result, they get hard within a short period to protect the injured limb. When your child feels comfortable, he or she can put weight on their foot or leg. Your child can prop up the injured limb on a pillow whenever they sit or lie down within the first 3 days of applying the fiberglass cast. It’s important to keep the limb elevated above the level of their heart to help reduce swelling.

  To further manage swelling, place ice or a cold pack on the cast for 10 to 20 minutes at a time. Aim to do this every 1 to 2 hours while they are awake. Make sure to put a thin cloth between the ice and the cast to keep it dry and protect the fiberglass.

  When it comes to pain management, doctors will use caution when prescribing certain medications. If the doctor has prescribed a pain medicine, ensure it’s taken exactly as directed. If not, consult with the doctor to see if an over-the-counter option is appropriate. Always follow the instructions on the label for safe use.

  By following these steps, you can help your child manage discomfort and promote healing effectively during this initial recovery period.

  The differences between Fiberglass and Plaster casts

  A fiberglass cast is better than a plaster cast in many ways. Fiberglass has less weight thereby making the cast made from it lighter. Fiberglass casts are also more porous and durable. They give room for air to flow in and out.

  Fiberglass casts are the preferred options for limbs that need an X-ray while healing.

  Can my child use a waterproof cast?

  This is a good question that you should ask the doctor during your appointment. A waterproof cast may or may not work for children. If your child needs to get a waterproof cast, then he or she needs to wait for at least one to two weeks because the tissues that surround the fractured bone usually swell first.

  Most insurance companies do not cover the cost of a waterproof cast. If that is the case, you will need to buy a special waterproof material to protect the child’s cast.

  Waterproof casts are suitable for swimming pools, showers, and baths. Ensure that your child does not wear the waterproof cast in a hot tub, a pond, the ocean, or in a hot tub. Sand should never get into the cast as this can cause skin irritation.

  At Medical City Children’s Orthopedic and Spine Specialists, we provide waterproof casts for kids that are at least 18 years old.

  To maintain the lining of the cast, waterproof casts need daily submerging in water. When it’s time to remove your child’s cast, ensure you get in touch with an experienced technician or clinician.

  How is a cast removed?

  The doctor will use a special cast saw with a vibrating blade (one that does not spin). The saw will cut through the outer layer of the cast (without touching the lining). This type of saw is designed specifically for safety, utilizing a thin and fast-moving blade to efficiently cut through the fiberglass material while minimizing risk to the skin.

  In addition to the cast saw, medical professionals might use cast spreaders or ultra-strong scissors to assist in the removal. These tools can cut through tougher areas of the cast, ensuring a smooth and thorough process.

  Usually, the entire procedure takes between 15 and 20 minutes, depending on the size and complexity of the cast. It’s crucial that this process is performed by a trained professional to prevent injury.

  Don’t remove the cast yourself. You may seriously injure your child’s skin, blood vessels, and fractured limb if you use a home saw or other cutting materials. Always seek assistance from a medical professional to ensure the safe and proper removal of the cast.

  Get An Expert Diagnosis, Treatment, and Rehabilitation for Broken Bones

  Remember, finding the right orthopedic doctor will ensure that your child receives the best possible care, leading to optimal outcomes and a healthier, happier future. The Medical City Children’s Orthopedics and Spine Specialists doctors only treat children.

  With offices in Arlington, Dallas, Flower Mound, Frisco, and McKinney, TX. Doctors Shyam Kishan, Richard Hostin, and Kathryn Wiesman have spent years studying children’s health and have devoted their lives to treating them.

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  Healthline: Types of casts for broken bones